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A255-26 · Aneroid
last quarter of the 19th century
Object Overview
Before us is a Tabletop Weather Compendium, produced by the German firm Heinrich Fröbel and dated approximately to the last quarter of the 19th century. The instrument combines three measuring devices — a thermometer, an aneroid barometer, and a hygrometer — forming a characteristic “domestic meteorological ensemble” of the period, in which scientific function is combined with an elaborate allegorical decorative program.
The case is executed in cast brass with a bronzed finish, imparting to the surface a soft, warm golden-brown tone. The structure rests on a developed figural base with an integrated brass stand, allowing the instrument to be placed securely on a table. The composition is organized around a central vertical axis, designed as a decorative tower housing the thermometer, flanked by openwork vegetal elements and figural motifs on either side.
This is not a genre scene but a carefully conceived allegorical composition: two figures, styled as — mercenary infantrymen of the German lands of the 16th century, known for their vivid, deliberately flamboyant dress and martial bearing — act as symbolic guardians of the atmosphere. Their costume is rendered in a characteristic, though theatricalized manner: short doublets with slashed sleeves, close-fitting hose with cuts, high boots, and, most notably, broad-brimmed hats adorned with large ostrich feathers, creating a dynamic, almost Baroque silhouette. Armed with a rapier and a halberd — attributes associated less with combat than with guard duty and order — they flank the instruments intended to measure atmospheric pressure and the condition of the air. Their presence transforms the act of observing the weather into a metaphor for control over the elements: the invisible air is placed “under watch,” while science itself is presented as a discipline capable of ordering and mastering natural variability.
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aneroid capsule tensioned on a C-spring
brass, cardboard, glass, hair, nickel silver, paper, steel
The central element of the composition is a putto head — a traditional motif of Renaissance and Baroque ornamentation depicting a winged infant with soft, idealized facial features. In this context, the putto functions not merely as a decorative detail but as an allegory of the aerial element itself: the wings emphasize its association with air, while the surrounding foliage connects it to the natural cycle. Positioned centrally between the measuring instruments, it symbolizes the animated, ever-changing nature of the atmosphere — precisely the medium that the barometer and thermometer seek to quantify and bring under rational observation.
The thermometer is placed within the central tower and consists of a glass capillary filled with mercury, mounted on a silvered brass plate. The scale is dual: on the left, the Fahrenheit scale; on the right, the Centigrade scale.
The barometer is housed in a brass case with a substantial brass bezel, into which is set a thick mineral glass with a characteristic faceted edge. The dial is open and made of cardboard, bearing a barometric scale graduated in millimeters of mercury, supplemented by standard textual weather indications in Dutch. The internal mechanism is a conventional aneroid system with a sensitive element — a nickel silver capsule tensioned against a C-shaped spring, transmitting deformation to the pointer mechanism. Motion is transmitted to the pointer arbor by means of a fusee chain.
The hygrometer, labeled on the dial as Luftprüfer (“air tester”), is a hair hygrometer using human hair as the sensitive element. The paper dial is graduated in percentages of relative humidity and includes interpretative zones oriented toward human comfort and the condition of plants. The designation Luftprüfer reflects a characteristic feature of German instrument culture, in which the hygrometer is understood not merely as a device measuring humidity, but as an instrument for assessing the “quality of air” within a domestic environment.
On the reverse side of the case appears the foundry mark of FERDINAND KILLMER, bearing the Latin motto “Carpe Diem” — “Seize the moment.” Further details about the mark and the workshop can be found at the end of the Object Overview for this barometer.
Overall, this instrument represents a characteristic example of late 19th-century German decorative instrument-making, in which the utilitarian function of measuring atmospheric parameters is organically combined with an elaborate allegorical program, transforming a scientific device into a highly expressive object of interior decoration.